Clinical characterization and genetic analysis of a newborn with chromosome 8q21.11 deletion syndrome / 中华医学遗传学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the genetic etiology for a newborn with corneal opacity.@*METHODS@#The neonate and her parents were subjected to routine G-banding chromosomal karyotyping analysis. Copy number variation (CNV) was analyzed with low-coverage whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and single nucleotide polymorphism microarray (SNP array).@*RESULTS@#No karyotypic abnormality was found in the newborn and her parents. Low-coverage WGS has identified a de novo 5.5 Mb microdeletion at chromosome 8q21.11-q21.13 in the neonate, which encompassed the ZFHX4 and PEX2 genes. The result was confirmed by SNP array-based CNV analysis.@*CONCLUSION@#The newborn was diagnosed with chromosome 8q21.11 deletion syndrome. ZFHX4 may be one of the key genes underlying this syndrome.

Trastornos neurológicos graves y malformaciones en una niña con monosomía del cromosoma 21 / Severe neurological disorders and malformations in a girl with mo- nosomía of the chromosome 21

Se presenta el caso de una niña de 7 años de edad, que fue remitida a la Consulta de Asesoramiento Genético, por presentar malformaciones congénitas severas y rasgos dismórficos, asociado a un retardo del neurodesarrollo. Al nacer se diagnosticó una comunicación interauricular, lo cual fue corregido mediante operación cardiaca. Se le realizó estudio por técnicas de citogenética convencional obteniéndose como resultado una monosomía del cromosoma 21. El estudio de citogenética molecular por técnica FISH detectó una inserción de la zona crítica del 21 en la región subtelomérica del 6p.

The case of a 7-year-old girl is showed. She was referral to the Genetic Advice Session, for presenting severe congenital malformations and dysmorphisms, associated with a neurological delay. A canal inter auricle was diagnosed at birth, which was corrected through heart surgery. The conventional cytogenetic analyzed showed a 21 chromosome monosomy. The study of molecular cytogenetic detected an insertion of the critical region of 21 in the subteloméric 6p region.

Partial trisomy and partial monosomy resulting from a reciprocal segregating in a large family.

Partial trisomy 7p with partial monosomy 9p is a rare disorder with only 3 cases reported. Both these abnormalities i.e., partial trisomy 7p and partial monosomy 9p result in distinct clinical phenotypes. However, patients with combined 7p trisomy/9p monosomy present with a phenotype consistent with trisomy 7p. We present a fourth case of trisomy 7p/monosomy 9p with long term follow-up and document the medical complications associated with this disorder. Long term follow-up of patients with chromosome abnormalities provides a unique opportunity to document the medical history and complications associated with such abnormalities.

Lack of evidence for monosomy 1p36 in patients with Prader-Willi-like phenotype

Monosomy 1p36 is the most common subtelomeric microdeletion syndrome with an incidence rate estimated to be 1 in 5000 births. A hypothesis of a similarity between patients with 1p36 deletion and those with Prader-Willi syndrome and the existence of two different phenotypes for 1p36 microdeletion has been suggested. The main objective of the present study was to determine the existence of 1p36 microdeletion in a sample of patients with mental retardation, obesity and hyperphagia who tested negative by the methylation test for Prader-Willi syndrome. Sixteen patients (7 females, 9 males), 16-26 years old, were evaluated with high-resolution cytogenetic analysis at 550-850 band levels and with 11 polymorphic microsatellite markers located in the 1p36 region. All patients had normal cytogenetic and molecular results. The results obtained by high-resolution cytogenetic methodology were confirmed by the molecular analyses. We did not detect a 1p36 microdeletion in 16 subjects with the Prader-Willi-like phenotype, which reinforces that no correlation seems to exist between Prader-Willi-like phenotype and the 1p36 microdeletion syndrome.

Screening fetal losses for monosomy X with a simple PCR-based procedure

Para a detecçäo molecular de monossomia X em perdas fetais espontâneas, nós exploramos uma estratégia baseada em perda e heterozigosidade, desenvolvendo um sistema multiplex fluorescente que permite a amplificaçäo simultânea de cinco microssatélites em uma regiäo com baixa recombinaçäo no cromossomo X. A análise foi entäo feita por densitometria a laser assistida por computador. Nenhum caso de homozigosidade em todos os cinco locos foi encontrado em 30 mulheres normais estudadas, nem em 37 mulheres cuja tipagem foi extraída do banco de dados do CEPH. Além disso, todos os casos de monossomia X previamente diagnosticadas por citogenética convencional apresentaram a prevista perda de heterozigosidade. Quando estudamos 19 casos de perdas fetais femininas do primeiro trimestre da gravidez, encontramos quatro amostras uniformemente homozigotas em todos os locos (21 por cento), de acordo com a proporçäo esperada de casos de monossomia X em perdas fetais do primeiro trimestre. Concluímos que o sistema multiplex que nós desenvolvemos apresenta alta diversidade e alta eficiência de amplificaçäo pela PCR e constitui um método simples e útil de triagem para monossomia X em abortamentos e natimortos.

Deletion 9p and duplication 17p due to a translocation t(9; 17)(p23; p13)pat

Relatamos o caso de um paciente apresentando monossomia 9p e trissomia 17p parciais decorrentes de uma translocaçäo equilibrada paterna t(9;17)(p23;p13). O fenótipo resultante no paciente assemelha-se mais ao observado na síndrome da monossomia 9p.